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A turbine is defined as a device that converts fluid motion into mechanical energy. This process typically involves the movement of a fluid, such as water, steam, or air, which flows over the blades of the turbine. As the fluid moves, it causes the blades to spin, and this rotational motion is then used to generate mechanical energy that can be converted into electricity or used for other applications.

This definition is essential because it highlights the turbine's role in energy conversion systems, such as hydroelectric power plants, wind turbines, and gas turbines. These systems are fundamental to modern energy production, harnessing natural forces to provide power.

The other options describe different concepts. For instance, sunlight conversion pertains to solar panels rather than turbines. The idea of a machine that stores energy does not apply to turbines, as they do not store energy but transform it. Additionally, measuring energy relates to devices like voltmeters or ammeters, rather than the energy conversion function of a turbine.